Early extubation does not increase complication rates after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Background: With the evolution of anesthesia and surgical procedures, fast track extubation has gained an increased interest, mainly based on the possibility of reducing health costs seemingly without compromising patient care. Aim: To compare two groups of patients submitted to a non-fast track extubation and a fast track extubation protocol after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, regarding their times of ventilation and intubation and their complication rates in the postoperative period. Methods: During the year of 1998, 323 sequential patients scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in the study. Fifty-nine patients were excluded due to preoperative use of emergent mechanical and/or inotropic hemodynamic support, low body mass index (≤18–20 kg/m²), reoperations for acute surgical complications, off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, severe respiratory disease, recent myocardial infarction (≤7 days) and absence of relevant data. Previous myocardial infarction (≥7 days), prophylactic intraaortic balloon pump and use of postoperative vasoactive drugs were not exclusion criteria. We compared 76 patients sequentially submitted to anesthesia by one of the authors with a fast track extubation protocol and 188 patients sequentially submitted to anesthesia by others in the same period and using a conventional anesthetic protocol. Results: Demographic data, previous medical and cardiac history, preoperative medication and operative data were all similar between the two groups. The mean ventilation and intubation times were significantly shorter in the fast track extubation group than in the non-fast track extubation patients (30 min vs. 7 h and 50 min vs. 8 h, respectively). Forty-two percent of patients in the fast track extubation group were extubated on arrival at the intensive care unit. Morbidity and mortality were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The study shows that a very fast track extubation protocol may be safely implemented in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Sensitivity of LR115 detector in diffusion chamber to Rn in the presence of Rn

Determination has been made of the sensitivity of LR115 type 2-track detectors (in units of m) to ²²²Rn, measured in the presence of ²²⁰Rn. Measurements have been made by means of a widely used diffusion chamber while Monte Carlo simulations have also been conducted. The experimentally derived sensitivities for ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn were found to be 0.470±0.022 and 0.486±0.042 m, respectively. For Monte Carlo simulations, the sensitivities to ²²²Rn gas were found to range from 0.618×10^–2 m (assuming that all ²¹⁸Po progeny decay before deposition onto the internal walls of the diffusion chamber) to 0.405×10^–2 m (assuming that all ²¹⁸Po progeny are deposited on the internal walls of the same containment vessel before decaying). The sensitivity to ²²⁰Rn gas of 0.465×10^–2 m found from Monte Carlo simulations agrees to within uncertainty with experimental findings. The experimentally derived sensitivity value for ²²²Rn indicates that 30% of the ²¹⁸Po progeny decay before deposition onto the internal walls of the diffusion chamber.     

快速康复外科理念联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌患者价值探讨

目的探讨快速康复外科(FTS)理念联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌手术的有效性和安全性。方法将择期行结直肠癌手术120例随机分成4组:传统的开腹手术对照组(Ⅰ组,28例),FTS理念开腹手术组(Ⅱ组,30例),单纯腹腔镜手术组(Ⅲ组,32例),FTS理念联合腹腔镜手术组(Ⅳ组,30例)。分析研究4组患者手术时间、静脉输液时间、手术切口长度、术中出血量、首次通气时间、术后住院天数和住院费用等指标。结果Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比较手术时间明显延长,术中出血量明显减少,手术切口明显减小,各项差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅳ组和Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较术后肠功能恢复时间和住院时间都明显缩短,各项差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组相比较术后肠功能恢复时间、静脉输液时间和住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组相比较术后静脉输液时间,半流质饮食时间提前,住院天数明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FTS理念联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌,术后肠功能恢复快,住院时间短;与FTS理念开腹手术相比,具有术中出血量少、切口小的优点,但手术时间长。     

加速康复外科在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科(FTS)在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中应用的可行性。方法选取LC患者92例,随机分为加速康复外科组及传统组,对2组患者手术时间、术后下床时间、术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院费用、恶心呕吐发生率等进行比较分析。结果术后下床时间加速康复外科组早于传统组,术后咽痛、恶心呕吐发生率加速康复外科组少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),其余指标2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论加速康复外科应用于LC安全可行,可以显著提高患者的生活质量和医疗满意度,临床应积极推广。     

超声刀在乳腺癌新辅助化疗后改良根治术中的应用价值

目的探讨在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后应用超声刀（UAS）的价值。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院,2009年6月至2011年8月收治的经新辅助化疗2～3周期后再行改良根治术的52例乳腺癌,其中UAS手术治疗组23例,电刀（EI）手术治疗组29例,比较2组手术时问、术中出血量、术后引流管留置时间、术后住院天数、淋巴结检出数及皮下积液的区别。结果UAS组与EI组相比,术中出血量、术后引流管留置时间差异均有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;手术时间、住院天数和皮下积液差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;淋巴结检出数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后,应用UAS行改良根治术及腋窝淋巴结清扫效果好,符合快速康复外科理念。     

在加速康复外科理念指导下的腹腔镜胃癌根治术

目的: 重点观察在加速康复外科(FTS)新理念指导下行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的安全性和有效性. 方法: 将90例择期胃癌手术病人分为三组,每组30例.A组采取传统的围手术期处理方法;B组应用FTS理念行剖腹手术;C组应用FTS理念行腹腔镜手术.比较三组病人手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后开始下床时间、肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、并发症和住院费用等. 结果: C组与A组和B组比,病人术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),但手术时间明显延长(P<0.01),治疗费用显著增加(P<0.01).三组间淋巴结清扫数量无显著性差异.C组与A组相比,病人术后肠功能恢复时间显著提前(P<0.01),术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.01).C组与B组病人肠功能恢复时间和术后住院时间无明显差异(P>0.05). 结论: 在FTS理念指导下应用腹腔镜行胃癌手术,可缩短术后住院时间,加快肠功能恢复.但与FTS剖腹手术相比,优势并不十分明显.     

先天性心脏病术中运用快通道心脏麻醉的效果观察

目的探讨先天性心脏病术中运用快通道心脏麻醉的效果观察。方法100例先天性心脏手术患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组各50例。治疗组选用快通道方法进行麻醉,对照组采用常规方法进行麻醉,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果治疗组中显效32例（64％）,有效12例（12％）,无效5例（5％）,死亡1例（2％）。治疗组的总有效率为88％;对照组中显效20例（40％）,有效15例（30％）,无效12例（24％）,死亡3例（6％）,对照组的总有效率为70％。术后拔管时间和在ICU时间快通道组均较对照组时间短（P〈0．05）。结论快通道心脏麻醉用于先天性心脏病手术具有较好的麻醉效果,值得临床推广。     

胃癌围术期快速康复的卫生经济学效果评价

目的：评价围术期快速康复外科（ fast track surgery ,FTS）方案在胃癌患者应用的卫生经济学效果。方法选取82例胃癌患者随机分为两组,每组41例,一组应用FTS方案为快速康复组,另一组应用传统方法为传统方法组。比较两组术后住院时间,住院总费用和术后并发症发生率。结果快速康复组术后住院时间[（9．4±3．3）d vs（12．4±3．6）d]、住院总费用[（4．96±0．44）万vs（6．46±0．34）万]明显少于传统方法组（P＜0．05）,两组并发症发生率比较无统计学差异（P＝0．232）。结论胃癌围术期应用FTS方案,可以缩短术后住院时间,降低医疗费用,且不增加术后并发症的发生率。     

快通道麻醉与常规麻醉应用于小儿先天性心脏病手术的对比研究

目的通过快通道麻醉与常规麻醉比较,为先天性心脏病(先心病)患儿麻醉法的选择提供依据。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月我院住院病例中72例快通道麻醉(手术室内拔管)和同期75例常规麻醉(手术室外拔管)先心病患儿的情况,分析比较两组患儿一般情况、麻醉方法、术后转归等方面的差异。结果快通道组患儿年龄及体质量均大于常规组患儿,常规组术前并发症多于快通道组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);芬太尼使用剂量在常规组术中较大,而瑞芬太尼则多应用于快通道麻醉组;术后快通道组早拔管相关并发症发生例数较少;两组患儿术后进食时间及出院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无严重肝肾功能疾患的先心病患儿实施快通道麻醉是安全可行的,并且快通道麻醉可明显减少患儿术后并发症,缩短出院时间,提高医疗资源利用率。     

损伤控制和加速康复外科理念在原发性肝癌手术治疗中的疗效观察

目的观察损伤控制和加速康复外科理念在原发性肝癌合并肝硬化手术中的临床疗效。方法将2009年2月~2011年4月在萍乡市人民医院肝胆外科住院术治疗的原发性肝癌患者32例作为干预组,实施损伤控制和加速康复外科治疗,对照组15例采用传统围术期治疗方案及常规手术模式,比较两组患者术后下床时间、肛门排气及排便时间、术后并发症、住院时间和术后1周肝脏功能变化。结果与对照组比较,干预组患者的肛门排气排便时间、下床活动时间、住院天数均显著缩短,差异有统计学意义,术后切口感染及胸/腹水发生率明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05、0.01）;术后1周干预组患者谷丙转氨酶及血清胆红素明显降低,血清白蛋白及前白蛋白明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05、0.01）。结论损伤控制和加速康复外科技术能加快肝肿瘤切除患者的术后恢复,减少术后并发症的发生。